Zoom lens and imaging apparatus

ABSTRACT

A zoom lens includes: a first lens group having a negative refractive power; and a second lens group having a positive refractive power, provided in this order from an object side. Magnification is changed by moving the first lens group and the second lens group. The first lens group includes a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens, a third lens having a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens having a positive refractive power, provided in this order from the object side. The zoom lens satisfies predetermined conditional formulae.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention is related to a zoom lens. Particularly, thepresent invention is related to a zoom lens which can be favorablyutilized in miniature video cameras.

The present invention is also related to an imaging apparatus equippedwith such a zoom lens.

BACKGROUND ART

Conventionally, zoom lenses of the two group type, constituted by afirst lens group having a negative refractive power and a second lensgroup having a positive refractive power in this order from an objectside, that change magnification by moving the first lens group and thesecond lens group in the direction of the optical axis, are known aszoom lenses having variable magnification ratios of approximately 2.5×and wide angles. This type of zoom lens is favorably employed forminiature video cameras and the like.

For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-277737discloses a zoom lens of the two group type having four lenses in afirst lens group (Example 2). The first lens group of this zoom lens hasa negative lens (a lens having a negative refractive power), negativelens, a negative lens, and a positive lens (a lens having a positiverefractive power), provided in this order from the object side.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,940,655 discloses a zoom lens of the two group typehaving four lenses in a first lens group (Example 1). The first lensgroup of this zoom lens has a negative lens, a positive lens, a negativelens, and a positive lens, provided in this order form the object side.

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20100039710 discloses a zoomlens of the two group type having four lenses in a first lens group andfour lenses in a second lens group (Example 1). The first lens group ofthis zoom lens has a negative lens, a negative lens, a negative lens,and a positive lens, in this order from the object side. The second lensgroup of this zoom lens has a positive lens, a positive lens, a negativelens, and a positive lens, in this order from the object side.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,169,635 discloses a zoom lens of the two group typehaving four lenses in a first lens group and four lenses in a secondlens group (Example 4). The first lens group of this zoom lens has anegative lens, a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positive lens, inthis order from the object side. The second lens group of this zoom lenshas a positive lens, a positive lens, a negative lens, and a positivelens, in this order from the object side.

Further, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20040207929 discloses azoom lens having a lens configuration similar to that disclosed in U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 20100039710.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following problems are recognized to exist in the aforementionedconventional zoom lenses. The zoom lenses disclosed in JapaneseUnexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-277737 and U.S. PatentApplication Publication No. 20040207929 have wide angles of view andlarge variable magnification ratios, but there is room for improvementfrom the viewpoint of distortion. The zoom lens disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 6,940,655 has a wide angle of view, but the variable magnificationratio is small and the F value is high. The zoom lens disclosed in U.S.Patent Application Publication No. 20100039710 has a wide angle of viewand a large variable magnification ratio, but the amount of distortionis great. The zoom lens disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,169,635 has anarrow angle of view and a high F value.

The present invention has been developed in view of the foregoingcircumstances. It is an object of the present invention to provide azoom lens having a small F value, which can be produced as a miniaturezoom lens, and in which various aberrations can be favorably corrected.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an imagingapparatus having favorable optical performance that can achieveminiaturization by employing such a zoom lens.

A first zoom lens according to the present invention substantiallyconsists of:

a first lens group having a negative refractive power; and

a second lens group having a positive refractive power, provided in thisorder from an object side;

the first lens group and the second lens group being moved to changemagnification;

the first lens group substantially consisting of a first lens having anegative refractive power, a second lens, a third lens having a negativerefractive power, and a fourth lens having a positive refractive power,in this order from the object side; and

the zoom lens satisfying the following conditional formulae:0.30<fw/f ₂<0.43  (1-1)0.39<|fw/f ₁|<0.65  (2-1)

wherein fw is the focal length of the entire system at a wide angle end,f₁ is the focal length of the first lens group, and f₂ is the focallength of the second lens group.

Note that the expression “substantially consists of a first lens groupand a second lens group” means that the zoom lens may also includelenses that practically do not have any power, optical elements otherthan lenses such as aperture stops and cover glass, and mechanicalcomponents such as lens flanges, a lens barrel, an imaging device, ablur correcting mechanism, etc. This point also applies to theexpression “the first lens group substantially consisting of a firstlens having a negative refractive power, a second lens, a third lenshaving a negative refractive power, and a fourth lens having a positiverefractive power, in this order from the object side” and the expression“the second lens group substantially consisting of four lenses” inconnection with a second zoom lens to be described later.

Note that cemented lenses may be employed as the lenses that constitutethe zoom lens of the present invention. In the case that cemented lensesare employed, they will be counted as n lenses if they are constitutedby n lenses cemented together. In addition, the expressions “zoom lensof the present invention” and “zoom lens according to the presentinvention” in the present specification refer to all of the first,second, and third zoom lenses of the present invention to be describedlater, unless particularly noted.

The surface shapes and the signs of refractive powers of the lenses ofthe zoom lens of the present invention will be those in the paraxialregions for lenses that include aspherical surfaces.

Note that in the first zoom lens according to the present invention, itis desirable for at least one of the following conditional formulae:0.31<fw/f ₂<0.35  (1-2)0.40<|fw/f ₁|<0.50  (2-2)to be satisfied within the ranges defined by Conditional Formulae (1-1)and (2-1).

A second zoom lens of the present invention substantially consists of:

a first lens group having a negative refractive power; and

a second lens group having a positive refractive power, provided in thisorder from an object side;

the first lens group and the second lens group being moved to changemagnification;

the first lens group substantially consisting of a first lens having anegative refractive power, a second lens, a third lens having a negativerefractive power, and a fourth lens having a positive refractive power,in this order from the object side;

the second lens group substantially consisting of four lenses; and

the zoom lens satisfying the following conditional formulae:0.30<fw/f ₂<0.43  (1-1)0.39<|fw/f ₁|<1.50  (2-3)

wherein fw is the focal length of the entire system at a wide angle end,f₁ is the focal length of the first lens group, and f₂ is the focallength of the second lens group.

In the second zoom lens according to the present invention, it isdesirable for at least one of the following conditional formulae:0.31<fw/f ₂<0.35  (1-2)0.40<|fw/f ₁|<1.00  (2-4)to be satisfied within the ranges defined by Conditional Formulae (1-1)and (2-3).

Further, it is particularly desirable for at least one of the followingconditional formula:0.40<|fw/f ₁|<0.50  (2-2)to be satisfied within the ranges defined by Conditional Formula (2-3).

A third zoom lens according to the present invention substantiallyconsists of:

a first lens group having a negative refractive power; and

a second lens group having a positive refractive power, provided in thisorder from an object side;

the first lens group and the second lens group being moved to changemagnification;

the first lens group substantially consisting of a first lens having anegative refractive power, a second lens having a positive refractivepower, a third lens having a negative refractive power, and a fourthlens having a positive refractive power, in this order from the objectside; and

the zoom lens satisfying the following conditional formulae:0.00<fw/f ₂<0.43  (1-3)0.00<|fw/f ₁|<0.65  (2-5)

wherein fw is the focal length of the entire system at a wide angle end,f₁ is the focal length of the first lens group, and f₂ is the focallength of the second lens group.

In the third zoom lens according to the present invention, it isdesirable for at least one of the following conditional formulae:0.20<fw/f ₂<0.35  (1-4)0.40<|fw/f ₁|<0.50  (2-2)to be satisfied within the ranges defined in Conditional Formulae (1-3)and (2-5).

Further, it is particularly desirable for the following conditionalformula:0.31<fw/f ₂<0.35  (1-2)to be satisfied within the ranges defined in Conditional Formula (1-3).

Meanwhile, an imaging apparatus according to the present invention isequipped with one of the zoom lenses of the present invention.

In the first zoom lens according to the present invention, the firstlens group is constituted by four lenses, which are the first lenshaving a negative refractive power, the second lens, the third lenshaving a negative refractive power, and the fourth lens having apositive refractive power, provided in this order from the object side.Thereby, suppressing increases of aberrations that accompany widening ofan angle of view becomes possible while suppressing increases in cost.

In addition, the first zoom lens according to the present inventionexhibits the following advantageous effects by satisfying ConditionalFormula (1-1). Conditional Formula (1-1) determines the relationshipbetween the focal length of the entire system at the wide angle end, andthe focal length of the second lens group. If the value of fw/f₂ is lessthan or equal to the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula (1-1),the refractive power of the second lens group G2 will be weak. As aresult, the amount of movement of the second lens group when changingmagnification will increase, the total length of the optical system as awhole will become long, and miniaturization will become difficult, whichis not preferable. Inversely, if the value of fw/f₂ is greater than orequal to the upper limit defined in Conditional Formula (1-1), therefractive power of the second lens group will be excessively strong. Asa result, it will become difficult to favorably correct variousaberrations across the entire range of magnifications, which is notpreferable. The foregoing shortcomings can be prevented in the case thatConditional Formula (1-1) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of theoptical system as a whole can be achieved and various aberrations can befavorably corrected across the entire range of magnifications.

The above advantageous effects will become more prominent particularlyin the case that Conditional Formula (1-2) is satisfied within the rangedefined by Conditional Formula (1-1).

Further, the first zoom lens of the present invention exhibits thefollowing advantageous effects by satisfying Conditional Formula (2-1).Conditional Formula (2-1) determines the relationship between the focallength of the entire system at the wide angle end and the focal lengthof the first lens group. If the value of |fw/f₁| is less than or equalto the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula (2-1), the negativerefractive power of the first lens group will become weak. This willresult in the optical system as a whole becoming larger, which is notpreferable. Inversely, if the value of |fw/f₁| is greater than or equalto the upper limit defined in Conditional Formula (2-1), the negativerefractive power of the first lens group will be excessively strong.This will result in correction of various aberrations at off axisportions difficult, which is not favorable. The above shortcomings canbe prevented in the case that Conditional Formula (2-1) is satisfied.That is, miniaturization of the optical system as a whole can beachieved, and various aberrations can be favorably corrected at off axisportions.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent ifConditional Formula (2-2) is satisfied within the range defined byConditional Formula (2-1).

In the second zoom lens according to the present invention, the firstlens group is constituted by four lenses, which are the first lenshaving a negative refractive power, the second lens, the third lenshaving a negative refractive power, and the fourth lens having apositive refractive power, provided in this order from the object side,similarly to the first zoom lens. Thereby, suppressing increases ofaberrations that accompany widening of an angle of view becomes possiblewhile suppressing increases in cost. Further, the second lens group ofthe second zoom lens according to the present invention is alsoconstituted by four lenses. Thereby, suppressing variations ofaberrations due to changes in magnification becomes possible, whilesuppressing increases in cost.

In addition, the second zoom lens according to the present inventionexhibits the following advantageous effects by satisfying ConditionalFormula (1-1). Conditional Formula (1-1) determines the relationshipbetween the focal length of the entire system at the wide angle end, andthe focal length of the second lens group. If the value of fw/f₂ is lessthan or equal to the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula (1-1),the refractive power of the second lens group G2 will be weak. As aresult, the amount of movement of the second lens group when changingmagnification will increase, the total length of the optical system as awhole will become long, and miniaturization will become difficult, whichis not preferable. Inversely, if the value of fw/f₂ is greater than orequal to the upper limit defined in Conditional Formula (1-1), therefractive power of the second lens group will be excessively strong. Asa result, it will become difficult to favorably correct variousaberrations across the entire range of magnifications, which is notpreferable. The foregoing shortcomings can be prevented in the case thatConditional Formula (1-1) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of theoptical system as a whole can be achieved and various aberrations can befavorably corrected across the entire range of magnifications.

The above advantageous effects will become more prominent particularlyin the case that Conditional Formula (1-2) is satisfied within the rangedefined by Conditional Formula (1-1).

Further, the second zoom lens of the present invention exhibits thefollowing advantageous effects by satisfying Conditional Formula (2-3).Conditional Formula (2-3) determines the relationship between the focallength of the entire system at the wide angle end and the focal lengthof the first lens group similarly to Conditional Formula (2-1). If thevalue of |fw/f₁| is less than or equal to the lower limit defined inConditional Formula (2-3), the negative refractive power of the firstlens group will become weak. This will result in the optical system as awhole becoming larger, which is not preferable. Inversely, if the valueof |fw/f₁| is greater than or equal to the upper limit defined inConditional Formula (2-3), the negative refractive power of the firstlens group will be excessively strong. This will result in correction ofvarious aberrations at off axis portions difficult, which is notfavorable. The above shortcomings can be prevented in the case thatConditional Formula (2-3) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of theoptical system as a whole can be achieved, and various aberrations canbe favorably corrected at off axis portions.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent ifConditional Formula (2-4) is satisfied, and particularly in the casethat Conditional Formula (2-2) is satisfied within the range defined byConditional Formula (2-3).

In the third zoom lens according to the present invention, the firstlens group is constituted by four lenses, which are the first lenshaving a negative refractive power, the second lens, the third lenshaving a negative refractive power, and the fourth lens having apositive refractive power, provided in this order from the object side.Thereby, suppressing increases of aberrations that accompany widening ofan angle of view becomes possible while suppressing increases in cost.Further, the second lens has a positive refractive power, and thereforedistortion can be favorably corrected.

In addition, the third zoom lens according to the present inventionexhibits the following advantageous effects by satisfying ConditionalFormula (1-3). Conditional Formula (1-3) determines the relationshipbetween the focal length of the entire system at the wide angle end, andthe focal length of the second lens group, similarly to ConditionalFormula (1-1). If the value of fw/f₂ is less than or equal to the lowerlimit defined in Conditional Formula (1-3), the refractive power of thesecond lens group will be weak. As a result, the amount of movement ofthe second lens group when changing magnification will increase, thetotal length of the optical system as a whole will become long, andminiaturization will become difficult, which is not preferable.Inversely, if the value of fw/f₂ is greater than or equal to the upperlimit defined in Conditional Formula (1-3), the refractive power of thesecond lens group will be excessively strong. As a result, it willbecome difficult to favorably correct various aberrations across theentire range of magnifications, which is not preferable. The foregoingshortcomings can be prevented in the case that Conditional Formula (1-3)is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of the optical system as a wholecan be achieved and various aberrations can be favorably correctedacross the entire range of magnifications.

The above advantageous effects will become more prominent particularlyin the case that Conditional Formula (1-4) is satisfied, andparticularly in the case that Conditional Formula (1-2) is satisfied,within the range defined by Conditional Formula (1-3).

In addition, the third zoom lens according to the present inventionexhibits the following advantageous effects by satisfying ConditionalFormula (2-5). Conditional Formula (2-5) determines the relationshipbetween the focal length of the entire system at the wide angle end andthe focal length of the first lens group, similarly to ConditionalFormula (2-1). If the value of |fw/f₁| is greater than or equal to theupper limit defined in Conditional Formula (2-5), the negativerefractive power of the first lens group will be excessively strong.This will result in correction of various aberrations at off axisportions difficult, which is not favorable. The above shortcoming can beprevented in the case that Conditional Formula (2-5) is satisfied. Thatis, various aberrations can be favorably corrected at off axis portions.

Note that the above advantageous effect becomes more prominent in thecase that Conditional Formula (2-2) is satisfied within the rangedefined by Conditional Formula (2-5).

Note that if the value of |fw/f₁| is less than or equal to the lowerlimit defined in Conditional Formula (2-2), the negative refractivepower of the first lens group will become weak. This will result in theoptical system as a whole becoming larger, which is not preferable. Theabove shortcoming can be prevented in the case that Conditional Formula(2-2) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of the optical system as awhole can be achieved.

The zoom lens of the present invention has sufficiently low F values aswill be indicated by the Examples of numerical values to be describedlater.

Meanwhile, the imaging apparatus according to the present invention isequipped with the zoom lens of the present invention that exhibits theadvantageous effects described above. Therefore, the imaging apparatusof the present invention can achieve cost reduction and a wide angle ofview, while maintaining favorable optical performance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross sectional diagram that illustrates the lensconfiguration of a zoom lens according to a first embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross sectional diagram that illustrates the lensconfiguration of a zoom lens according to a second embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross sectional diagram that illustrates the lensconfiguration of a zoom lens according to a third embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional diagram that illustrates the lensconfiguration of a zoom lens according to a fourth embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross sectional diagram that illustrates the lensconfiguration of a zoom lens according to a fifth embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 6 is a cross sectional diagram that illustrates the lensconfiguration of a zoom lens according to a sixth embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 is a collection of graphs A through H that illustrate variousaberrations of the zoom lens of the first embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a collection of graphs A through H that illustrate variousaberrations of the zoom lens of the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a collection of graphs A through H that illustrate variousaberrations of the zoom lens of the third embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a collection of graphs A through H that illustrate variousaberrations of the zoom lens of the fourth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a collection of graphs A through H that illustrate variousaberrations of the zoom lens of the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a collection of graphs A through H that illustrate variousaberrations of the zoom lens of the sixth embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a diagram that schematically illustrates an imaging apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described indetail with reference to the attached drawings. FIG. 1 is a crosssectional diagram that illustrates the configuration of a zoom lensaccording to an embodiment of the present invention, and corresponds toa zoom lens of Example 1 to be described later. FIG. 2 through FIG. 6are cross sectional diagrams that illustrate configurations of zoomlenses according to other embodiments of the present invention, andcorresponds to zoom lenses of Examples 2 through 6 to be describedlater. The basic configurations of the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 1through FIG. 6 are the same except for points that will be specificallynoted. The manners in which the configurations are illustrated are alsothe same. Therefore, the zoom lenses according to the embodiments of thepresent invention will be described mainly with reference to FIG. 1.

In FIG. 1, the left side is the object side and the right side is theimage side. A of FIG. 1 illustrates the arrangement of the opticalsystem in a state focused on infinity at a wide angle end (shortestfocal length state). B of FIG. 1 illustrates the arrangement of theoptical system in a state focused on infinity at a telephoto end(longest focal length state). The same applies to FIGS. 2 through 6 tobe described later.

Each of the zoom lenses according to the embodiments of the presentinvention has a first lens group G1 having a negative refractive powerand a second lens group G2 having a positive refractive power, in thisorder from the object side. A fixed aperture stop St that does not movewhen changing magnification is provided between the first lens group G1and the second lens group G2. The aperture stop St illustrated in thedrawings does not necessarily represent the size or shape thereof, butonly the position thereof on an optical axis Z.

Note that FIG. 1 illustrates an example in which a parallel plateoptical member PP is provided between the second lens group G2 and animaging surface Sim. When the zoom lens is applied to an imagingapparatus, it is preferable for various filters, such as a cover glass,an infrared ray cutoff filter, and a low pass filter, to be providedbetween the optical system and the imaging surface Sim, according to theconfiguration of a camera on which the lens is to be mounted. Theoptical member PP is provided assuming the presence of the cover glass,the various types of filters, and the like. In addition, recent imagingapparatuses employ the 3 CCD format, in which CCD's are employed foreach color in order to improve image quality. In order to be compatiblewith imaging apparatuses that employ the 3 CCD format, a colorseparating optical system such as a color separating prism may beinserted between the lens system and the imaging surface Sim. In thiscase, a color separating optical system may be provided at the positionof the optical member PP.

This zoom lens is configured such that the distance between the firstlens group G1 and the second lens group G2 changes when changingmagnification. More specifically, the first lens group G1 moves towardthe imaging surface Sim along a convex trajectory, and the second lensgroup G2 moves monotonously toward the object side when changingmagnification from the wide angle end to the telephoto end. FIG. 1schematically illustrates the movement trajectories of the first lensgroup G1 and the second lens group G2 when changing magnification fromthe wide angle end to the telephoto end with the arrows indicatedbetween A and B.

The first lens group G1 is constituted by a first lens L11 having anegative refractive power, a second lens L12 having a positiverefractive power, a third lens L13 having a negative refractive power,and a fourth lens L14 having a positive refractive power, provided inthis order from the object side. Here, the first lens L11 may be anegative meniscus shaped lens, the second lens L12 may be a lens havingan aspherical surface toward the object side and an aspherical surfacetoward the image side, the third lens L13 may be a negative meniscusshaped lens, and the fourth lens L14 may be a positive meniscus shapedlens, as illustrated in the example illustrated in FIG. 1. Note that thefourth embodiment employs a lens having a negative refractive power asthe second lens L12.

The surface of the second lens L12 toward the object side is of anaspherical shape which is concave toward the object side in a paraxialregion. In addition, at least one of the surface of the second lens L12toward the object side and the surface of the second lens L12 toward theimage side is of an aspherical shape with at least one inflection pointwithin a range from the center to the effective diameter thereof (bothsurfaces in the example of FIG. 1). Note that particularly in the secondembodiment, the surface of the second lens L12 toward the object side isconvex toward the object side in the paraxial region and is of anaspherical shape that does not have any inflection points within a rangefrom the center to the effective diameter thereof.

Meanwhile, the second lens group G2 is constituted by a first lens L21having a positive refractive power, a second lens L22 having a positiverefractive power, a third lens L23 having a negative refractive power,and a fourth lens L24 having a positive refractive power, provided inthis order from the object side. Here, the first lens L21 may be a lenshaving an aspherical surface toward the object side and an asphericalsurface toward the image side, the second lens L22 may be a biconvexshaped lens, the third lens L23 may be a negative meniscus shaped lens,and the fourth lens L24 may be a biconvex shaped lens, as in the exampleillustrated in FIG. 1.

As described above, in the present zoom lens, the first lens group G1 isconstituted by four lenses, which are the first lens L11 having anegative refractive power, the second lens L12, the third lens L13having a negative refractive power, and the fourth lens L14 having apositive refractive power, provided in this order from the object side.Thereby, increases of aberrations that accompany widening of an angle ofview are suppressed while suppressing increases in cost. In addition,distortion is favorably corrected because the second lens L12 is a lenshaving a positive refractive power in the embodiments other than thefourth embodiment.

In addition, distortion is favorably corrected because the second lensL12 within the first lens group G1 has an aspherical surface toward theobject side. Costs can be reduced more than a case in which the firstlens L11 has an aspherical surface. That is, generally, positions atwhich on axis light rays pass through and off axis light rays passthrough become greatly separated in front of and behind the first lensL11. Therefore, it is desirable for the first lens L11 or the secondlens L12 to be an aspherical lens in order to favorably correctdistortion. However, because the first lens L11 generally has acomparatively large diameter, the cost of the aspherical lens will bedecreased by the second lens L12, which generally has a smallerdiameter, being an aspherical lens. As a result, the cost of the zoomlens can be suppressed.

Spherical aberration and distortion are favorably corrected, because thesurface of the second lens L12 toward the object side is an asphericalsurface which is concave toward the object side at the paraxial regionin the embodiments other than the second embodiment.

Further, distortion and field curvature at the wide angle end can befavorably corrected, because at least one of the surface of the secondlens L12 toward the object side and the surface of the second lens L12toward the image side is of an aspherical shape with at least oneinflection point within a range from the center to the effectivediameter thereof in the embodiments other than the second embodiment.

Meanwhile, variation of aberrations due to changes in magnification canbe suppressed while suppressing increases in cost, by the second lensgroup G2 being constituted by four lenses.

In the present zoom lens, the second lens group G2 is constituted by thefirst lens L21 having a positive refractive power, the second lens L22having a positive refractive power, the third lens L23 having a negativerefractive power, and the fourth lens L24 having a positive refractivepower, provided in this order from the object side. Thereby, variationsof aberrations accompanying changes in magnification are suppressed.That is, on axis light rays which are greatly dispersed when output fromthe first lens group G1 can be taken in by the two positive lenses 121and L22 having positive refractive powers if the first lens L21 and thesecond lens L22 within the second lens group G2 are positive lenses.Thereby, higher order spherical aberration is suppressed, and variationsin aberrations accompanying changes in magnification are suppressed.

The first lens group G1 of the present zoom lens is constituted by thefirst lens L1 having a negative refractive power, the second lens L12,the third lens L13 having a negative refractive power, and the fourthlens L14 having a positive refractive power. The present zoom lenssatisfies both of the following conditional formulae:0.30<fw/f ₂<0.43  (1-1)0.39<|fw/f ₁|<0.65  (2-1)

wherein fw is the focal length of the entire system at a wide angle end,f₁ is the focal length of the first lens group, and f₂ is the focallength of the second lens group.

Note that examples of numerical values of each condition determined bythe above Conditional Formulae for each embodiment are shown in Table19. The values of fw/f₂ determined by Conditional Formula (1-1) areshown in the row titled “Conditional Formula 1”, and the values of|fw/f₁| determined by Conditional Formula (2-1) are shown in the rowtitled “Conditional Formula (2)” In addition, Table 19 also showsexamples of numerical values of each condition determined by ConditionalFormulae (3) through (9) to be described later.

Hereinafter, the operations and effects exhibited by the configurationsdetermined by Conditional Formulae (1-1) and (2-1) will be described.

Conditional Formula (1-1) determines the relationship between the focallength of the entire system at the wide angle end, and the focal lengthof the second lens group G2. If the value of fw/f₂ is less than or equalto the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula (1-1), the refractivepower of the second lens group G2 will be weak. As a result, the amountof movement of the second lens group G2 when changing magnification willincrease, the total length of the optical system as a whole will becomelong, and miniaturization will become difficult, which is notpreferable. Inversely, if the value of fw/f₂ is greater than or equal tothe upper limit defined in Conditional Formula (1-1), the refractivepower of the second lens group G2 will be excessively strong. As aresult, it will become difficult to favorably correct variousaberrations across the entire range of magnifications, which is notpreferable. The foregoing shortcomings can be prevented in the case thatConditional Formula (1-1) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of theoptical system as a whole can be achieved and various aberrations can befavorably corrected across the entire range of magnifications. Thepresent zoom lens satisfies Conditional Formula (1-2) within the rangedefined in Conditional Formula (1-1).0.31<fw/f ₂<0.35  (1-2)Therefore, the above advantageous effects are more prominent.

Meanwhile, Conditional Formula (2-1) determines the relationship betweenthe focal length of the entire system at the wide angle end and thefocal length of the first lens group G1. If the value of |fw/f₁| is lessthan or equal to the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula (2-1),the negative refractive power of the first lens group G1 will becomeweak. This will result in the optical system as a whole becoming larger,which is not preferable. Inversely, if the value of |fw/f₁| is greaterthan or equal to the upper limit defined in Conditional Formula (2-1),the negative refractive power of the first lens group G1 will beexcessively strong. This will result in correction of variousaberrations at off axis portions difficult, which is not favorable. Theabove shortcomings can be prevented in the case that Conditional Formula(2-1) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of the optical system as awhole can be achieved, and various aberrations can be favorablycorrected at off axis portions.

The present zoom lens satisfies Conditional Formula (2-2) within therange defined in Conditional Formula (2-1).0.40<|fw/f ₁|<0.50  (2-2)Therefore, the above advantageous effects are more prominent.

In addition, the first lens group G1 of the present zoom lens isconstituted by the first lens L11 having a negative refractive power,the second lens L12, the third lens L13 having a negative refractivepower, and the fourth lens L14 having a positive refractive power. Thepresent zoom lens satisfies both of the following conditional formulae:0.30<fw/f ₂<0.43  (1-1)0.39<|fw/f ₁|<1.50  (2-3)

The advantageous effects obtained by satisfying Conditional Formula(1-1) are the same as those described above. The present zoom lenssatisfies Conditional Formula (1-2) within the range defined byConditional Formula (1-1), and therefore the above advantageous effectsare more prominent.

Conditional Formula (2-3) determines the relationship between the focallength of the entire system at the wide angle end and the focal lengthof the first lens group G1, similarly to Conditional Formula (2-1). Ifthe value of |fw/f₁| is less than or equal to the lower limit defined inConditional Formula (2-3), the negative refractive power of the firstlens group will become weak. This will result in the optical system as awhole becoming larger, which is not preferable. Inversely, if the valueof |fw/f₁| is greater than or equal to the upper limit defined inConditional Formula (2-3), the negative refractive power of the firstlens group G1 will be excessively strong. This will result in correctionof various aberrations at off axis portions difficult, which is notfavorable. The above shortcomings can be prevented in the case thatConditional Formula (2-3) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of theoptical system as a whole can be achieved, and various aberrations canbe favorably corrected at off axis portions.

The present zoom lens satisfies Conditional Formula (2-4) within therange defined in Conditional Formula (2-3).0.40<|fw/f ₁|<1.00  (2-4)Therefore, the above advantageous effects are more prominent. Further,the present zoom lens satisfies Conditional Formula (2-2) within therange defined by Conditional Formula (2-3). Therefore, the aboveadvantageous effects are even more prominent.

In addition, the first lens group G1 of the present zoom lens isconstituted by the first lens L11 having a negative refractive power,the second lens L12, the third lens L13 having a negative refractivepower, and the fourth lens L14 having a positive refractive power. Thesecond lens L12 is a positive lens, and the present zoom lens satisfiesboth of the following conditional formulae:0.00<fw/f ₂<0.43  (1-3)0.00<|fw/f ₁|<0.65  (2-5)

Conditional Formula (1-3) determines the relationship between the focallength of the entire system at the wide angle end and the focal lengthof the second lens group G2 similarly to Conditional Formula (1-1). Ifthe value of fw/f₂ is less than or equal to the lower limit defined inConditional Formula (1-3), the refractive power of the second lens groupG2 will be weak. As a result, the amount of movement of the second lensgroup G2 when changing magnification will increase, the total length ofthe optical system as a whole will become long, and miniaturization willbecome difficult, which is not preferable. Inversely, if the value offw/f₂ is greater than or equal to the upper limit defined in ConditionalFormula (1-3), the refractive power of the second lens group G2 will beexcessively strong. As a result, it will become difficult to favorablycorrect various aberrations across the entire range of magnifications,which is not preferable. The foregoing shortcomings can be prevented inthe case that Conditional Formula (1-3) is satisfied. That is,miniaturization of the optical system as a whole can be achieved andvarious aberrations can be favorably corrected across the entire rangeof magnifications. The present zoom lens satisfies Conditional Formula(1-4) within the range defined in Conditional Formula (1-3).0.20<fw/f ₂<0.36  (1-4)Therefore, the above advantageous effects are more prominent. Further,the present zoom lens satisfies Conditional Formula (1-2). Therefore,the above advantageous effects are even more prominent.

Meanwhile, Conditional Formula (2-5) determines the relationship betweenthe focal length of the entire system at the wide angle end and thefocal length of the first lens group G1, similarly to ConditionalFormula (2-1). If the value of |fw/f₁| is greater than or equal to theupper limit defined in Conditional Formula (2-3), the negativerefractive power of the first lens group G1 will be excessively strong.This will result in correction of various aberrations at off axisportions difficult, which is not favorable. The above shortcoming can beprevented in the case that Conditional Formula (2-3) is satisfied. Thatis, various aberrations can be favorably corrected at off axis portions.

The present zoom lens satisfies Conditional Formula (2-2) within therange defined by Conditional Formula (2-5). Therefore, the aboveadvantageous effect is more prominent.

Note that if the value of |fw/f₁| is less than or equal to the lowerlimit defined in Conditional Formula (2-5), the negative refractivepower of the first lens group will become weak. This will result in theoptical system as a whole becoming larger, which is not preferable. Theabove shortcoming can be prevented in the case that Conditional Formula(2-2) is satisfied. That is, miniaturization of the optical system as awhole can be achieved.

In addition, the present zoom lens satisfies the following conditionalformula:−0.11<fw/f _(G12)<0.12  (3)

wherein f_(G12) is the focal length of the second lens from the objectside within the first lens group, and fw is the focal length of theentire system at a wide angle end. Therefore, the present zoom lensexhibits the following advantageous effects. That is, ConditionalFormula (3) determines the relationship between the focal length of theentire system at the wide angle end and the focal length of the secondlens L12 within the first lens group G1. If the value of fw/f_(G12) isless than or equal to the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula(3), the refractive power of the second lens L12 will move to thenegative side, and refraction of central light beams and refraction ofperipheral light beams that pass through the second lens L12 will becomeimbalanced. As a result, correction of distortion will become difficult,which is not favorable. Inversely, if the value of fw/f_(G12) is greaterthan or equal to the upper limit defined in Conditional Formula (3), thepositive refractive power of the second lens L12 will become excessivelystrong, and the negative refractive power of the first lens group G1 asa whole will become insufficient. This will result in widening of theangle of view becoming difficult. Increasing the negative refractivepower of the negative lenses within the first lens group G1, that is,the first lens L11 and the third lens L13, may be considered as ameasure to compensate for the increased positive refractive power of thesecond lens L12. However, such a measure will lead to correction ofvarious aberrations becoming difficult, which is not favorable. Theabove shortcomings can be prevented in the case that Conditional Formula(3) is satisfied. That is, distortion can be favorably corrected, andthe angle of view can be easily widened.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent inthe case that Conditional Formula (3′):−0.01<fw/f _(G12)<0.06  (3′)is satisfied within the range defined by Conditional Formula (3).

In addition, the present zoom lens satisfies the following conditionalformula:0.56<|f ₁ /f ₂|<1.04  (4)

wherein f₁ is the focal length of the first lens group, and f₂ is thefocal length of the second lens group. Therefore, the present zoom lensexhibits the following advantageous effect. That is, Conditional Formula(2-1) determines the relationship between the focal length f₁ of thefirst lens group, and the focal length f₂ of the second lens group. Ifthe value of |f₁/f₂| is less than or equal to the lower limit defined inConditional Formula (2-1), the refractive power of the second lens groupwill be weak. As a result, the amount of movement of the second lensgroup when changing magnification will increase, the total length of theoptical system as a whole will become long, and miniaturization willbecome difficult, which is not preferable. Inversely, if the value of|f₁/f₂| is greater than or equal to the upper limit defined inConditional Formula (2-1), the refractive power of the first lens groupwill be insufficient. As a result, the necessity to increase thediameter of the first lens L11 positioned most toward the object sidewill arise in order to secure an angle of view and miniaturization willbecome difficult, which is not preferable. The foregoing shortcomingscan be prevented in the case that Conditional Formula (2-1) issatisfied. That is, miniaturization of the optical system as a whole canbe easily achieved.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent inthe case that Conditional Formula (4′):0.70<|f ₁ /f ₂|<0.80  (4′)is satisfied within the range defined by Conditional Formula (4).

In addition, the present zoom lens satisfies the following conditionalformula:−0.19<f ₁ /f _(G12)<0.50  (5)

wherein f₁ is the focal length of the first lens group G1, and f_(G12)is the focal length of the second lens from the object side within thefirst lens group G1. Therefore, the present zoom lens exhibits thefollowing advantageous effects. That is, Conditional Formula (5)determines the relationship between the focal length f₁ of the firstlens group G1, and the focal length f_(G12) of the second lens L12within the first lens group G1. If the value of f₁/f_(G12) is less thanor equal to the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula (5), thepositive refractive power of the second lens L12 will be strong. As aresult, the refractive powers of the lenses within the first lens groupG1 having negative refractive powers (the first lens L11 and the thirdlens L13) will be excessively strong to compensate for the increasedrefractive power of the second lens L12. This will lead to correction ofvarious aberrations becoming difficult, which is not preferable.Inversely, if the value of f₁/f_(G12) is greater than or equal to theupper limit defined in Conditional Formula (5), the negative refractivepower of the second lens L12 will be excessive strong. As a result,correction of distortion will be difficult, which is not preferable. Theforegoing shortcomings can be prevented in the case that ConditionalFormula (5) is satisfied. That is, distortion and other variousaberrations can be favorably corrected.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent ifthe following conditional formula is satisfied within the range definedby Conditional Formula (5)−0.15<f ₁ /f _(G12)<0.30  (5′).

In addition, the present zoom lens satisfies the following conditionalformula:0.20<H _(G12F)·{(1/r′ _(G12F))−(1/r″ _(G12F))}  (6)

wherein H_(G12F) is maximum effective radius of surface toward theobject side of the second lens from the object side within the firstlens group G1, r′_(G12F) is the radius of curvature of a sphericalsurface that passes through the center of the surface of the second lenstoward the object side and a point at a height H_(G12F) from the opticalaxis and has the center of the surface as its apex, and r″_(G12F) is theradius of curvature of a spherical surface that passes through thecenter of the surface of the second lens toward the object side and apoint at a height H_(G12F)·0.5 from the optical axis and has the centerof the surface as its apex. Therefore, the present zoom lens exhibitsthe following advantageous effects. That is, Conditional Formula (6)determines the relationship between the maximum effective radius and theaspherical surface shape of the surface of the second lens L12 withinthe first lens group G1 toward the object side. By causing the radii ofcurvature to be different at the vicinity of the center and at theperiphery of the surface of the second lens L12 toward the object sidewithin the range defined in Conditional Formula (6), distortion can befavorably corrected at the wide angle end. If the value ofH_(G12F)·{(1/r′_(G12F))−(1/r″_(G12F))} is less than or equal to thelower limit defined by Conditional Formula (6), correction will beinsufficient. Inversely, if the value ofH_(G12F)·{(1/r′_(G12F))−(1/r″_(G12F))} is greater than or equal to theupper limit defined in Conditional Formula (6), correction will beexcessive, neither of which is preferable.

Note that the above advantageous effect will become more prominent ifthe following conditional formula is satisfied within the range definedby Conditional Formula (6)0.20<H _(G12F)·{(1/r′ _(G12F))−(1/r″ _(G12F))}<0.50  (6′).

In addition, the present zoom lens satisfies the following conditionalformula:2.0<(r _(G12F) +r _(G12R))/(r _(G12F) −r _(G12R))<30.0  (7)

wherein r_(G12F) is the paraxial radius of curvature of the surfacetoward the object side of the second lens from the object side withinthe first lens group G1, and r_(G12R) is the paraxial radius ofcurvature of the surface toward the image side of the second lens fromthe object side within the first lens group G1. Therefore, the presentzoom lens exhibits the following advantageous effects. That is,Conditional Formula (7) determines the shape of the second lens L12within the first lens group G1. If the value of(r_(G12F)+r_(G12R))/(r_(G12F)−r_(G12R)) is less than or equal to thelower limit defined by Conditional Formula (7), correction of distortionat the wide angle end will be insufficient, which is not preferable.Inversely, if the value of (r_(G12F)+r_(G12R))/(r_(G12R)−r_(G12R)) isgreater than or equal to the upper limit defined in Conditional Formula(7), correction of spherical aberration at the telephoto end will becomedifficult, which is not preferable. The foregoing shortcomings can beprevented in the case that Conditional Formula (7) is satisfied. Thatis, distortion at the wide angle end and spherical aberration at thetelephoto end can be favorably corrected.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent ifthe following conditional formula is satisfied within the range definedby Conditional Formula (7)2.0<(r _(G12F) +r _(G12R))/(r _(G12F) −r _(G12R))<15.0  (7′).

In addition, the present zoom lens satisfies the following conditionalformula:2.5<(r _(G11F) +r _(G11R))/(r _(G11F) −r _(G11R))<10.0  (8)

wherein r_(G11F) is the paraxial radius of curvature of the surfacetoward the object side of the first lens from the object side within thefirst lens group G1, and r_(G11R) is the paraxial radius of curvature ofthe surface toward the image side of the first lens from the object sidewithin the first lens group G1. Therefore, the present zoom lensexhibits the following advantageous effects. That is, ConditionalFormula (8) determines the shape of the first lens L11 within the firstlens group G1. If the value of (r_(G11F)+r_(G11R))/(r_(G11F)−r_(G11R))is less than or equal to the lower limit defined by Conditional Formula(8), correction of field curvature at the wide angle end will beinsufficient, which is not preferable. Inversely, if the value of(r_(G11F)+r_(G11R))/(r_(G11F)−r_(G11R)) is greater than or equal to theupper limit defined in Conditional Formula (8), correction of fieldcurvature at the wide angle end will become excessive, which is notpreferable. The foregoing shortcomings can be prevented in the case thatConditional Formula (8) is satisfied. That is, field curvature at thewide angle end can be appropriately corrected.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent ifthe following conditional formula is satisfied within the range definedby Conditional Formula (8)2.8<(r _(G11F) +r _(G11R))/(r _(G11F) −r _(G11R))<4.0  (8′).

In addition, the present zoom lens satisfies the following conditionalformula:1.3<f _(G21) /f _(G22)<3.0  (9)

wherein f_(G21) is the focal length of the first lens from the objectside within the second lens group G2, and f_(G22) is the focal length ofthe second lens from the object side within the second lens group G2.Therefore, the present zoom lens exhibits the following advantageouseffect. That is, Conditional Formula (9) determines the relationshipbetween the focal lengths of the first lens L21 and the second lens L22within the second lens group G2. If the value of f_(G21)/f_(G22) is lessthan or equal to the lower limit defined in Conditional Formula (9),correction of spherical aberration will be insufficient, which is notpreferable. Inversely, if the value of f_(G21)/f_(G22) is greater thanor equal to the upper limit defined in Conditional Formula (9),correction of spherical aberration will be excessive, which is notpreferable. The foregoing shortcomings can be prevented in the case thatConditional Formula (9) is satisfied. That is, spherical aberration canbe favorably corrected across the entire range of magnifications.

Note that the above advantageous effects will become more prominent ifthe following conditional formula is satisfied within the range definedby Conditional Formula (9)2.0<f _(G21) /f _(G22)<2.5  (9′).

Note that FIG. 1 illustrates an example in which the optical member PPis provided between the lens system and the imaging surface.Alternatively, various filters such as low pass filters and filters thatcut off specific wavelength bands may be provided among each of thelenses. As a further alternative, coatings that have the same functionsas the various filters may be administered on the surfaces of thelenses.

Next, examples of the numerical values of the zoom lens of the presentinvention will be described. The cross sections of the lenses of thezoom lenses of Examples 1 through 6 are those illustrated in FIGS. 1through 6, respectively.

Regarding the zoom lens of Example 1, basic lens data are shown in Table1, data related to zoom are shown in Table 2, and aspherical surfacedata are shown in Table 3. Similarly, basic lens data, data related tozoom, and aspherical surface data of the zoom lenses of Examples 2through 6 are shown in Table 4 through Table 18. Hereinafter, themeanings of the items in the tables will be described for those relatedto Example 1. The same basically applies to the tables related toExamples 2 through 6.

In the basic lens data of Table 1, ith (i=1, 2, 3, . . . ) lens surfacenumbers that sequentially increase from the object side to the imageside, with the lens surface at the most object side designated as first,are shown in the column Si. The radii of curvature of ith surfaces areshown in the column Ri, and the distances between an ith surface and ani+1st surface along the optical axis Z are shown in the column Di. Notethat the signs of the radii of curvature are positive in cases that thesurface shape is convex toward the object side, and negative in casesthat the surface shape is convex toward the image side.

In the basic lens data, the refractive indices of jth (j=1, 2, 3, . . .) optical elements from the object side to the image side with respectto the d line (wavelength: 587.6 nm) are shown in the column Ndj. TheAbbe's numbers of the jth optical element with respect to the d line areshown in the column νdj. Note that the aperture stop St is also includedin the basic lens data, and the radius of curvature of the surfacecorresponding to the aperture stop St is shown as “∞ (Aperture Stop)”.

D8, D9, and D17 in the basic lens data of Table 1 represents thedistances between surfaces that change when changing magnification. D8is the distance between the first lens group G1 and the aperture stopSt. D9 is the distance between the aperture stop St and the second lensgroup G2. D17 is the distance between the second lens group G2 and theoptical member PP.

The data of Table 2 related to zoom shows values of the focal length(f), the F value (Fno.), and the full angle of view (2ω) of the entiresystem and the distances among surfaces that change at the wide angleend and at the telephoto end.

In the lens data of Table 1, surface numbers of aspherical surfaces aredenoted with the mark “*”, and paraxial radii of curvature are shown asthe radii of curvature of the aspherical surfaces. The asphericalsurface data of Table 3 show the surface numbers of the asphericalsurfaces, and the aspherical surface coefficients related to each of theaspherical surfaces. In the numerical values of the aspherical surfacedata of Table 3, “E-n (n: integer)” means “*10^(−n)”. Note that theaspherical surface coefficients are the values of the coefficients KAand Ram (m=3, 4, 5, . . . , 12) in the aspherical surface formula below:Zd=C·h ²/{1+(1−KA·C ² ·h ²)^(1/2) }+ΣRAm·h ^(m)

wherein: Zd is the depth of the aspherical surface (the length of anormal line that extends from a point on the aspherical surface having aheight h to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis that contacts thepeak of the aspherical surface), h is the height (the distance from theoptical axis to the surface of the lens), C is the inverse of theparaxial radius of curvature, and KA and Ram are aspherical surfacecoefficients (m=3, 4, 5, . . . , 16).

The tables below show numerical values which are rounded off at apredetermined number of digits. In addition, degrees are used as theunits for angles and mm are used as the units for lengths in the data ofthe tables below. However, it is possible for optical systems to beproportionately enlarged or proportionately reduced and utilized.Therefore, other appropriate units may be used.

TABLE 1 Example 1: Basic Lens Data Ri Ndj νdj Si Radius of Di RefractiveAbbe's Surface Number Curvature Distance Index Number  1 16.7910 0.801.78590 44.2  2 8.7843 3.04 *3 −22.1777 2.10 1.53389 56.0 *4 −18.39500.67  5 158.3861 0.70 1.78590 44.2  6 5.9611 2.50  7 8.1910 1.53 1.9228618.9  8 11.8859 D8  9 ∞ (Aperture Stop) D9 *10  11.4416 1.50 1.5338956.0 *11  58.5954 0.10 12 9.4968 4.15 1.49700 81.5 13 −11.2458 0.90 1414.6399 0.70 1.92286 20.9 15 6.0474 1.02 16 17.2969 2.25 1.51742 52.4 17−15.0096 D17 18 ∞ 1.01 1.51633 64.1 19 ∞ 6.84 *Aspherical Surface

TABLE 2 Example 1: Data Related to Zoom Wide Angle Telephoto Item EndEnd f 3.18 7.95 Fno. 1.85 3.10 2ω 93.39 43.28 D8 12.10 3.55 D9 7.13 0.96D17 0.00 6.17

TABLE 3 Example 1: Aspherical Surface Data Surface Number S3 S4 KA1.00000000E+00 1.00000000E+00 RA3 3.92552657E−04 −1.78198417E−03 RA41.63491671E−03 2.96047622E−03 RA5 −5.98243470E−05 −3.54470466E−04 RA6−3.12580573E−05 −2.14656523E−05 RA7 3.08631891E−06 3.49680699E−06 RA82.06084921E−07 5.77269401E−07 RA9 −3.30656971E−08 1.80867183E−08 RA107.50984913E−10 −1.28540306E−08 RA11 4.80884982E−10 −1.51109077E−09 RA12−6.15184533E−11 2.22386867E−10 Surface Number S10 S11 KA 1.00000000E+001.00000000E+00 RA3 1.88211972E−03 1.76860217E−03 RA4 −1.21236781E−03−2.69165382E−04 RA5 6.04426291E−04 3.95866507E−04 RA6 −8.55374397E−05−2.23064469E−05 RA7 −4.99070718E−06 −9.52288260E−06 RA8 6.90562953E−071.17774794E−06 RA9 1.79754879E−07 −6.42044665E−08 RA10 4.73691904E−096.39130198E−09 RA11 −4.62119417E−10 3.66073819E−09 RA12 −2.98496187E−105.76274981E−11 RA13 3.48467387E−11 −1.74712784E−10 RA14 −1.45151464E−113.01771364E−11 RA15 −3.10163706E−12 −4.20522148E−13 RA16 3.84723135E−13−7.01830246E−13

TABLE 4 Example 2: Basic Lens Data Ri Ndj νdj Si Radius of Di RefractiveAbbe's Surface Number Curvature Distance Index Number 1 12.0000 0.851.83481 42.7 2 7.7547 3.00 *3 333.8853 2.40 1.53389 56.0 *4 −188.21162.26 5 −111.2925 0.70 1.88300 40.8 6 5.9612 1.45 7 7.9606 1.85 1.9228618.9 8 15.3951 D8 9 ∞ (Aperture Stop) D9 *10 14.8790 2.00 1.53389 56.0*11 −27.1649 0.47 12 11.7962 4.30 1.61800 63.3 13 −9.3009 0.10 14−72.9131 0.70 1.84666 23.8 15 7.0342 0.75 16 18.7928 2.20 1.58144 40.817 −14.1574 D17 18 ∞ 1.01 1.51633 64.1 19 ∞ 6.82 *Aspherical Surface

TABLE 5 Example 2: Data Related to Zoom Wide Angle Telephoto Item EndEnd f 3.36 8.39 Fno. 1.82 3.18 2ω 90.62 41.16 D8 8.77 2.45 D9 8.58 1.94D17 1.00 7.64

TABLE 6 Example 2: Aspherical Surface Data Surface Number S3 S4 KA1.00000000E+00 1.00000000E+00 RA3 −1.84518151E−04 −1.34452536E−03 RA49.11020231E−04 1.50433453E−03 RA5 4.36869407E−05 −1.88326554E−05 RA6−9.99470488E−06 −1.02662481E−05 RA7 −4.77789164E−07 −1.12222737E−06 RA83.77729589E−08 −8.06437604E−08 RA9 7.69951469E−09 1.03269414E−09 RA101.57751409E−09 1.07327708E−09 RA11 −1.53152663E−10 1.29361362E−10 RA12−1.25879264E−11 3.43709353E−12 Surface Number S10 S11 KA 1.86689146E+00−2.34761165E+00 RA3 6.38886087E−04 8.63959607E−04 RA4 −1.72624605E−044.82943361E−04 RA5 1.56425637E−04 1.17579182E−04 RA6 −1.72640984E−051.95121845E−05 RA7 −1.15229550E−06 −7.32560718E−06 RA8 4.72324927E−081.36463243E−06 RA9 6.56977631E−08 −6.02693745E−08 RA10 −6.88442793E−09−3.61578440E−10 RA11 −2.38022413E−10 −1.02638686E−10 RA12−3.22383884E−11 −6.75284248E−12 RA13 1.02907272E−12 3.06525203E−12 RA145.19740494E−13 2.84165637E−12 RA15 −1.83177171E−13 −4.24793926E−13 RA16−1.74412406E−16 5.14814396E−14

TABLE 7 Example 3: Basic Lens Data Ri Ndj νdj Si Radius of Di RefractiveAbbe's Surface Number Curvature Distance Index Number 1 18.0197 0.801.78590 44.2 2 8.8085 3.13 *3 −29.3048 2.54 1.53389 56.0 *4 −15.31770.26 5 −387.3951 0.70 1.78590 44.2 6 5.9157 2.44 7 7.9344 1.56 1.9228618.9 8 11.3636 D8 9 ∞ (Aperture Stop) D9 *10 11.4802 1.50 1.53389 56.0*11 59.6824 0.10 12 9.5074 4.20 1.49700 81.5 13 −11.0673 0.92 14 14.91690.74 1.92286 20.9 15 6.0354 0.95 16 17.4298 2.23 1.51742 52.4 17−14.7168 D17 18 ∞ 1.01 1.51633 64.1 19 ∞ 6.79 *Aspherical Surface

TABLE 8 Example 3: Data Related to Zoom Wide Angle Telephoto Item EndEnd f 3.19 7.98 Fno. 1.84 3.10 2ω 93.23 43.22 D8 12.05 3.55 D9 7.10 0.95D17 0.00 6.16

TABLE 9 Example 3: Aspherical Surface Data Surface Number S3 S4 KA1.00000000E+00 1.00000000E+00 RA3 −3.92896399E−04 −2.13763767E−03 RA41.59073904E−03 2.91750862E−03 RA5 −5.69315036E−05 −3.58929668E−04 RA6−3.09012532E−05 −2.16238082E−05 RA7 3.08376455E−06 3.52532145E−06 RA82.01913214E−07 5.85035760E−07 RA9 −3.35542117E−08 1.83747727E−08 RA107.17802063E−10 −1.27915817E−08 RA11 4.82375497E−10 −1.50321640E−09 RA12−6.07407734E−11 2.23818828E−10 Surface Number S10 S11 KA 1.00000000E+001.00000000E+00 RA3 1.76132207E−03 1.62917632E−03 RA4 −1.20250122E−03−2.54326990E−04 RA5 6.05031687E−04 3.97279047E−04 RA6 −8.55614525E−05−2.21530506E−05 RA7 −4.99565629E−06 −9.51075191E−06 RA8 6.90298187E−071.17877317E−06 RA9 1.79779961E−07 −6.41427571E−08 RA10 4.74445204E−096.39564855E−09 RA11 −4.60842095E−10 3.66096527E−09 RA12 −2.98218247E−105.76689611E−11 RA13 3.48935761E−11 −1.74705742E−10 RA14 −1.45031348E−113.01805056E−11 RA15 −3.10067265E−12 −4.18867888E−13 RA16 3.84662428E−13−7.01204898E−13

TABLE 10 Example 4: Basic Lens Data Ri Ndj νdj Si Radius of DiRefractive Abbe's Surface Number Curvature Distance Index Number 115.0647 0.80 1.78590 44.2 2 8.7870 3.39 *3 −12.0041 1.68 1.53389 56.0 *4−13.2378 0.72 5 79.6843 0.70 1.83481 42.7 6 6.0492 2.40 7 8.3918 1.571.92286 18.9 8 12.8384 D8 9 ∞ (Aperture Stop) D9 *10 11.5886 1.501.53389 56.0 *11 62.6674 0.10 12 9.3886 4.14 1.49700 81.5 13 −11.48190.84 14 14.3873 0.70 1.92286 20.9 15 6.0411 1.06 16 18.2998 2.26 1.5174252.4 17 −14.5710 D17 18 ∞ 1.01 1.51633 64.1 19 ∞ 6.91 *AsphericalSurface

TABLE 11 Example 4: Data Related to Zoom Wide Angle Telephoto Item EndEnd f 3.19 7.99 Fno. 1.85 3.10 2ω 93.11 43.14 D8 12.11 3.55 D9 7.15 0.96D17 0.00 6.19

TABLE 12 Example 4: Aspherical Surface Data Surface Number S3 S4 KA1.00000000E+00 1.00000000E+00 RA3 1.97673389E−03 −5.14428429E−04 RA41.87516095E−03 3.12292451E−03 RA5 −8.83901056E−05 −3.73387017E−04 RA6−3.46164616E−05 −2.15361781E−05 RA7 3.39216521E−06 3.59181888E−06 RA82.83246128E−07 6.11999137E−07 RA9 −3.25234250E−08 2.16820702E−08 RA10−1.62438093E−10 −1.26000740E−08 RA11 4.02161038E−10 −1.56205805E−09 RA12−4.93251419E−11 2.07287653E−10 Surface Number S10 S11 KA 1.00000000E+001.00000000E+00 RA3 1.94128295E−03 1.86623411E−03 RA4 −1.23941301E−03−3.36191383E−04 RA5 6.08149148E−04 4.06331604E−04 RA6 −8.51668505E−05−2.18876430E−05 RA7 −4.93462600E−06 −9.60813947E−06 RA8 6.94019051E−071.17663239E−06 RA9 1.80217543E−07 −6.42807894E−08 RA10 4.56975362E−096.62207183E−09 RA11 −4.56633408E−10 3.67837311E−09 RA12 −2.91798675E−106.28058891E−11 RA13 3.76317402E−11 −1.70699217E−10 RA14 −1.38781021E−113.16879777E−11 RA15 −2.99033991E−12 2.08736136E−13 RA16 3.59472958E−13−8.60992007E−13

TABLE 13 Example 5: Basic Lens Data Ri Ndj νdj Si Radius of DiRefractive Abbe's Surface Number Curvature Distance Index Number 117.7205 0.80 1.78590 44.2 2 8.7860 3.01 *3 −36.6744 2.61 1.53389 56.0 *4−19.6099 0.39 5 421.7536 0.70 1.78590 44.2 6 5.9262 2.47 7 8.0207 1.541.92286 18.9 8 11.4973 D8 9 ∞ (Aperture Stop) D9 *10 11.3062 1.501.53389 56.0 *11 55.2334 0.10 12 9.4789 4.16 1.49700 81.5 13 −11.26500.92 14 14.8237 0.70 1.92286 20.9 15 6.0417 0.94 16 16.2485 2.19 1.5174252.4 17 −15.4996 D17 18 ∞ 1.01 1.51633 64.1 19 ∞ 6.85 *AsphericalSurface

TABLE 14 Example 5: Data Related to Zoom Wide Angle Telephoto Item EndEnd f 3.20 7.99 Fno. 1.85 3.10 2ω 93.25 43.15 D8 12.04 3.55 D9 7.09 0.95D17 0.00 6.14

TABLE 15 Example 5: Aspherical Surface Data Surface Number S3 S4 KA1.00000000E+00 1.00000000E+00 RA3 −4.30601440E−04 −2.45942098E−03 RA41.43624994E−03 2.89828666E−03 RA5 −3.55884451E−05 −3.71151955E−04 RA6−3.08553414E−05 −2.14177604E−05 RA7 2.83817696E−06 3.61955608E−06 RA81.79586380E−07 5.91009605E−07 RA9 −3.24112553E−08 1.81447671E−08 RA101.20108913E−09 −1.28743984E−08 RA11 5.15204525E−10 −1.51244540E−09 RA12−6.86137874E−11 2.22680423E−10 Surface Number S10 S11 KA 1.00000000E+001.00000000E+00 RA3 1.76814202E−03 1.62203935E−03 RA4 −1.21678337E−03−2.45116314E−04 RA5 6.06179046E−04 3.88478822E−04 RA6 −8.58569578E−05−2.21235612E−05 RA7 −4.99796243E−06 −9.42747893E−06 RA8 6.97601547E−071.19048864E−06 RA9 1.81003252E−07 −6.30576600E−08 RA10 4.91247208E−096.49947884E−09 RA11 −4.43304548E−10 3.66517494E−09 RA12 −2.94072014E−105.85100526E−11 RA13 3.45122935E−11 −1.74157715E−10 RA14 −1.43374070E−112.94645898E−11 RA15 −3.18348899E−12 −4.90574065E−13 RA16 3.91257516E−13−6.76391292E−13

TABLE 16 Example 6: Basic Lens Data Ri Ndj νdj Si Radius of DiRefractive Abbe's Surface Number Curvature Distance Index Number 117.9420 0.80 1.78590 44.2 2 8.7868 2.94 *3 −70.8941 2.93 1.53389 56.0 *4−26.6446 0.37 5 400.8261 0.70 1.78590 44.2 6 5.8867 2.44 7 8.1404 1.541.92286 18.9 8 11.8520 D8 9 ∞ (Aperture Stop) D9 *10 11.2098 1.501.53389 56.0 *11 52.9915 0.10 12 9.2969 4.14 1.49700 81.5 13 −11.56660.87 14 14.2844 0.70 1.92286 20.9 15 5.9671 0.95 16 15.0986 2.25 1.5174252.4 17 −16.6844 D17 18 ∞ 1.01 1.51633 64.1 19 ∞ 6.81 *AsphericalSurface

TABLE 17 Example 6: Data Related to Zoom Wide Angle Telephoto Item EndEnd f 3.18 7.95 Fno. 1.84 3.10 2ω 93.44 43.18 D8 11.88 3.55 D9 7.11 0.96D17 0.00 6.15

TABLE 18 Example 6: Aspherical Surface Data Surface Number S3 S4 KA1.00000000E+00 1.00000000E+00 RA3 1.15512555E−03 −1.94623465E−03 RA44.63209518E−04 2.52796589E−03 RA5 1.00473917E−04 −3.74279507E−04 RA6−2.62873609E−05 −1.43978882E−05 RA7 1.35555017E−06 4.10668149E−06 RA85.74392491E−09 5.42252724E−07 RA9 −2.60745641E−08 4.15486735E−09 RA105.11033586E−09 −1.45090144E−08 RA11 8.64355180E−10 −1.53424052E−09 RA12−1.44079980E−10 2.60125627E−10 Surface Number S10 S11 KA 1.00000000E+001.00000000E+00 RA3 1.92172358E−03 1.98334763E−03 RA4 −1.18082835E−03−3.45009857E−04 RA5 5.95776768E−04 4.03232975E−04 RA6 −8.55219828E−05−2.20337853E−05 RA7 −4.72078410E−06 −9.21699036E−06 RA8 7.37744871E−071.20539081E−06 RA9 1.82849964E−07 −6.65042934E−08 RA10 5.54926203E−095.97488617E−09 RA11 −3.93487769E−10 3.82001970E−09 RA12 −2.92839034E−109.08656714E−11 RA13 3.11584436E−11 −1.56124185E−10 RA14 −1.47954864E−112.62156555E−11 RA15 −2.87211663E−12 1.04054388E−12 RA16 3.00829759E−13−1.03639592E−12

Table 19 shows values corresponding to Conditional Formulae (1-1)through (1-5), (2-1) through (2-6), and (3) through (9) of the zoomlenses of Examples 1 through 6. The values shown here are the values ofthe conditions determined by each of the conditional formulae, that is,the variable portions thereof. For example, values of fw/f_(G12) areshown in the row “Conditional Formula (3)”. The conditions determined byall of Conditional Formulae (1-1) through (1-4) are fw/f₂. Therefore,these conditional formulae are summarized and the values of fw/f₂ areshown in the row “Conditional Formula (1)”. The conditions determined byall of Conditional Formulae (2-1) through (2-5) are |fw/f₁|. Therefore,these conditional formulae are summarized and the values of |fw/f₁| areshown in the row “Conditional Formula (2)”. The values in Table 19 arerelated to the d line.

TABLE 19 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6Conditional 0.317 0.344 0.319 0.317 0.320 0.320 Formula (1) Conditional0.409 0.453 0.409 0.409 0.410 0.412 Formula (2) Conditional 0.019 0.0150.056 −0.007 0.043 0.041 Formula (3) Conditional 0.774 0.758 0.778 0.7750.781 0.777 Formula (4) Conditional −0.046 −0.033 −0.138 0.017 −0.104−0.099 Formula (5) Conditional 0.373 0.345 0.324 0.445 0.284 0.234Formula (6) Conditional 10.726 0.279 3.190 −20.460 3.298 2.204 Formula(7) Conditional 3.194 4.653 2.913 3.799 2.967 2.920 Formula (8)Conditional 2.374 2.006 2.386 2.369 2.372 2.369 Formula (9)

The spherical aberration, the astigmatic aberration, the distortion, andthe lateral chromatic aberration of the zoom lens of Example 1 at thewide angle end are illustrated in A through D of FIG. 7, respectively.The spherical aberration, the astigmatic aberration, the distortion, andthe lateral chromatic aberration of the zoom lens of Example 1 at thetelephoto end are illustrated in E through H of FIG. 7, respectively.

Each of the diagrams that illustrate the aberrations use the d line(wavelength: 587.6 nm) as a standard. However, aberrations related tothe g line (wavelength: 435.8 nm) and the C line (wavelength: 656.3 nm)are also shown in the diagrams that illustrate spherical aberration. Inthe diagrams that illustrate astigmatic aberrations, aberrations in thesagittal direction are indicated by solid lines, while aberrations inthe tangential direction are indicated by broken lines. In the diagramsthat illustrate spherical aberrations, “Fno.” denotes F values. In theother diagrams that illustrate the aberrations, ω denotes half angles ofview.

Similarly, the aberrations of the zoom lens of Example 2 are illustratedin A through H of FIG. 8. In addition, the aberrations of the zoomlenses of Examples 3 through 6 are illustrated in FIG. 9 through FIG.12.

Next, an imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentinvention will be described. FIG. 13 is a diagram that schematicallyillustrates an imaging apparatus 10 according to the embodiment of thepresent invention that employs the zoom lens 1 of the embodiment of thepresent invention. The imaging apparatus may be a surveillance camera, avideo camera, an electronic still camera, or the like.

The imaging apparatus 10 illustrated in FIG. 13 is equipped with: thezoom lens 1; an imaging device 2 that captures images of subjectsfocused by the zoom lens 1, provided toward the image side of the zoomlens 1; a signal processing section 4 that processes signals output fromthe imaging device 2; a magnification control section 5 that changes themagnification of the zoom lens 1; and a focus control section 6 thatperforms focus adjustments. Note that various filters and the like maybe provided between the zoom lens 1 and the imaging device 2 asappropriate.

The zoom lens 1 has the first lens group G1 having a negative refractivepower that moves along a trajectory which is convex toward the imageside when changing magnification from the wide angle end to thetelephoto end, the second lens group G2 having a positive refractivepower that moves monotonously toward the object side when changingmagnification from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, and thefixed aperture stop St. Note that the lens groups are schematicallyillustrated in FIG. 13.

The imaging device 2 captures an optical image formed by the zoom lens 1and outputs electrical signals. The imaging surface thereof is providedto match the imaging plane of the zoom lens 1. A CCD, a CMOS, or thelike may be employed as the imaging device 2.

Note that although not illustrated in FIG. 13, the imaging apparatus 10may be further equipped with a blur correcting mechanism that moves alens having a positive refractive power that constitutes a portion ofthe second lens group G2, for example, in a direction perpendicular tothe optical axis Z in order to correct blurring of obtained images dueto vibration or shaky hands.

The imaging apparatus 10 is equipped with the zoom lens of the presentinvention that exhibits the advantageous effects described above.Therefore, favorable optical performance can be obtained, andminiaturization, cost reduction, and a wide angle of view can beachieved.

The present invention has been described with reference to theembodiments and Examples thereof. However, the present invention is notlimited to the embodiments and Examples described above, and variousmodifications are possible. For example, the values of the radii ofcurvature, the distances among surfaces, the refractive indices, theAbbe's numbers, the aspherical surface coefficients, etc., are notlimited to the numerical values indicated in connection with theExamples, and may be other values.

What is claimed is:
 1. A zoom lens, substantially consisting of: a firstlens group having a negative refractive power; and a second lens grouphaving a positive refractive power, provided in this order from anobject side; the first lens group and the second lens group being movedto change magnification; the first lens group substantially consistingof a first lens having a negative refractive power, a second lens havinga positive refractive power, a third lens having a negative refractivepower, and a fourth lens having a positive refractive power, in thisorder from the object side; and the zoom lens satisfying the followingconditional formulae:0.00<fw/f ₂<0.43  (1-3)0.00<|fw/f ₁|<0.65  (2-5) wherein fw is the focal length of the entiresystem at a wide angle end, f₁ is the focal length of the first lensgroup, and f₂ is the focal length of the second lens group.
 2. A zoomlens as defined in claim 1, in which the focal lengths fw, f₁, and f₂satisfy at least one of the following conditional formulae:0.20<fw/f ₂<0.35  (1-4)0.40<|fw/f ₁|<0.50  (2-2)
 3. A zoom lens as defined in claim 1, in whichthe focal lengths fw and f₂ satisfy the following conditional formula:0.31<fw/f ₂<0.35  (1-2).
 4. A zoom lens as defined in claim 1 thatsatisfies the following conditional formula:−0.11<fw/f _(G12)<0.12  (3) wherein f_(G12) is the focal length of thesecond lens from the object side within the first lens group, and fw isthe focal length of the entire system at a wide angle end.
 5. A zoomlens as defined in claim 4 that satisfies the following conditionalformula:−0.01<fw/f _(G12)<0.06  (3′).
 6. A zoom lens as defined in claim 1 thatsatisfies the following conditional formula:0.56<|f ₁ /f ₂|<1.04  (4) wherein f₁ is the focal length of the firstlens group, and f₂ is the focal length of the second lens group.
 7. Azoom lens as defined in claim 6 that satisfies the following conditionalformula:0.70<|f ₁ /f ₂|<0.80  (4′).
 8. A zoom lens as defined in claim 1 thatsatisfies the following conditional formula:−0.19<f ₁ /f _(G12)<0.50  (5) wherein f₁ is the focal length of thefirst lens group and f_(G12) is the focal length of the second lens fromthe object side within the first lens group.
 9. A zoom lens as definedin claim 8 that satisfies the following conditional formula:−0.15<f ₁ /f _(G12)0<0.30  (5′).
 10. A zoom lens as defined in claim 1that satisfies the following conditional formula:0.20<H _(G12F)·{(1/r′ _(G12F))−(1/r″ _(G12F))}  (6) wherein H_(G12F) ismaximum effective radius of surface toward the object side of the secondlens from the object side within the first lens group, r″_(G12F) is theradius of curvature of a spherical surface that passes through thecenter of the surface of the second lens toward the object side and apoint at a height H_(G12F) from the optical axis and has the center ofthe surface as its apex, and r″_(G12F) is the radius of curvature of aspherical surface that passes through the center of the surface of thesecond lens toward the object side and a point at a height H_(G12F)·0.5from the optical axis and has the center of the surface as its apex. 11.A zoom lens as defined in claim 10 that satisfies the followingconditional formula:0.20<H _(G12F)·{(1/r′ _(G12F))−(1/r″ _(G12F))}<0.50  (6′)
 12. A zoomlens as defined in claim 1 that satisfies the following conditionalformula:2.0<(r _(G12F) +r _(G12R))/(r _(G12F) −r _(G12R))<30.0  (7) whereinr_(G12F) is the paraxial radius of curvature of the surface toward theobject side of the second lens from the object side within the firstlens group, and r_(G12R) is the paraxial radius of curvature of thesurface toward the image side of the second lens from the object sidewithin the first lens group.
 13. A zoom lens as defined in claim 12 thatsatisfies the following conditional formula:2.0<(r _(G12F) +r _(G12R))/(r _(G12F) −r _(G12R))<15.0  (7′)
 14. A zoomlens as defined in claim 1 that satisfies the following conditionalformula:2.5<(r _(G11F) +r _(G11R))/(r _(G11F) −r _(G11R))<10.0  (8) whereinr_(G11F) is the paraxial radius of curvature of the surface toward theobject side of the first lens from the object side within the first lensgroup, and r_(G11R) is the paraxial radius of curvature of the surfacetoward the image side of the first lens from the object side within thefirst lens group.
 15. A zoom lens as defined in claim 14 that satisfiesthe following conditional formula:2.8<(r _(G11F) +r _(G11R))/(r _(G11F) −r _(G11R))<4.0  (8′)
 16. A zoomlens as defined in claim 1 that satisfies the following conditionalformula:1.3<f _(G21) /f _(G22)<3.0  (9) wherein f_(G21) is the focal length ofthe first lens from the object side within the second lens group, andf_(G22) is the focal length of the second lens from the object sidewithin the second lens group.
 17. A zoom lens as defined in claim 16that satisfies the following conditional formula:2.0<f _(G21) /f _(G22)<2.5  (9′)
 18. An imaging apparatus comprising azoom lens as defined in claim 1.